Doctors believe that a lack of awareness, inadequate preventive measures, and limited access to affordable dental care are certain challenges that need to be addressed urgently to lower this burden of oral diseases.
Tooth decay, gum disease, and oral cancer are highly prevalent across the country. (Photo: Getty Images)
Oral diseases are among the most common non-communicable diseases in India, yet they remain largely neglected.
Tooth decay, gum disease, and oral cancer are highly prevalent across the country, with millions suffering from dental problems that impact their overall health.
Doctors believe that a lack of awareness, inadequate preventive measures, and limited access to affordable dental care are certain challenges that need to be addressed urgently to lower this burden of oral diseases.
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DENTAL ISSUES IN INDIA
Tooth decay is one of the most common dental problems in India. According to Germany-based dental surgeon Dr. Bibhakar Ranjan, nearly every other person has cavities, often from a young age.
"The most surprising fact is that people get cavities at a very early age. One major reason for this is the absence of a school dental health program, which is common in Western countries and even in parts of Africa. Without these programs, children do not receive regular dental check-ups or treatment when needed," he told India Today Digital.
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Dr. Darshini Shah, Consultant Dentist and Oral Implantologist at Shalby Hospitals, highlighted that nearly 50% of Indian adults suffer from periodontal disease, while tooth decay is widespread among children.
"Simple measures such as brushing with fluoride toothpaste, using mouthwash and floss, regular dental check-ups, and avoiding tobacco and betel nut can help prevent these diseases," she explained.
POOR ORAL HEALTH AFFECTS WELL-BEING
Oral health is not just about teeth, it has long-term consequences on overall health. Studies have shown links between gum disease and serious health issues such as Alzheimer's (major brain disorder), stroke, and heart disease.
According to a study in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, bacteria found in gum disease are associated with the development of Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia.
Another study states that gum disease can increase the risk of stroke.
Pregnant women with gum disease are at risk of pre-eclampsia and low birth weight babies, while men may experience erectile dysfunction due to poor oral health.
CHALLENGES IN INDIA'S DENTAL CARE SYSTEM
Despite having one of the highest numbers of dentists in the world, India still struggles with inadequate oral health awareness and a lack of systemic reforms.
Dr. Ranjan compared India's situation with countries like Germany, where individuals have designated dentists and receive regular check-ups through a structured health insurance system.
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"In India, patients often visit the dentist only when they experience severe pain or swelling, making it harder to save their teeth," he said, adding, "Until we introduce new reforms and educate people about oral health, things won't improve."
A significant concern is the rising cases of oral cancer in India, which accounts for nearly one-third of the world's total cases.
Dr. Ranjan emphasised the need for a system that encourages preventive visits to the dentist.
THE COST FACTOR: IS DENTAL CARE REALLY EXPENSIVE?
While many believe that dental care is costly in India, experts argue that it is relatively affordable compared to other countries. However, the lack of insurance coverage makes treatments seem expensive.
"India has one of the cheapest dental care systems in the world, yet many perceive it as costly because dental treatments involve procedures rather than just medication," Dr. Ranjan noted.
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He added, "Introducing comprehensive health insurance plans that include dental care can make treatments more accessible."
Dr. Shah also pointed out that the cost of dental treatment depends on the quality of materials and equipment, many of which are imported.
"Dental treatment is not expensive, neglecting it is. Preventive measures like brushing, flossing, and regular check-ups can save people from expensive treatments in the long run," she stressed.
NEED FOR PREVENTIVE MEASURES
The biggest challenge in India's oral health crisis is the lack of awareness. Many individuals seek dental care only when the problem has worsened.
"The public healthcare system does not focus much on dental care, leaving people with limited affordable options," Dr. Shah explained. "Rural areas, in particular, face a severe shortage of dental services."
Doctors believe that investing in preventive dentistry and improving public awareness can largely reduce the burden of oral diseases.
Dr. Ranjan suggested leveraging technology, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), for early diagnosis of oral cancer and common dental conditions.
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"Some dental colleges in India have started using AI to scan and diagnose patients, but we need a nationwide movement to make this more widespread," he added.
SIMPLE ORAL HYGIENE HABITS FOR BETTER HEALTH
Maintaining good oral hygiene is key to preventing a host of dental problems. Dr. Ranjan and Dr. Shah recommend simple daily habits such as:
- Brushing twice a day using the right technique.
- Flossing to clean areas where a toothbrush cannot reach.
- Using mouthwash at night to fight bacteria.
- Eating a balanced diet and limiting sugar intake.
- Regular dental check-ups every six months.
A study by the University of South Carolina found that regular flossing can reduce the risk of ischemic stroke by 22%, cardioembolic stroke by 44%, and atrial fibrillation by 12%.
India's oral health crisis is a growing concern that requires urgent action, the experts pointed out. However, millions of Indians can enjoy better oral health and overall well-being with simple oral hygiene awareness and intensive policy interventions.
Published By:
Daphne Clarance
Published On:
Mar 20, 2025
